Geography and climate questions are among the frequently asked questions. Climate is an Arabic word used to describe long-term meteorological events. In particular, geography and climate are the subjects that students who continue their education life are most lingered on. In terms of their general characteristics, the main types of climates on Earth can be divided into three groups: hot climates, mild climates and cold climates. These climates are divided into sub-climate types, taking into consideration the features such as precipitation and regime, winter temperature and annual average temperature. The most effective criterion in distinguishing climate types is natural vegetation.
However, small climatic zones with different geographical and climatic characteristics and special conditions are also called microclimates. In addition, you can look at the crops grown in the region and comment on the climate types. Regular regions cannot form on Earth due to differences in climate and vegetation, width and direction of land, wind and air masses and land and sea distribution. It is found near the equator at latitudes 0° to 810° north and south. It rains during all four seasons, but precipitation peaks at the equinox. Rainforest climate prevails in most of Indonesia and Malaysia, along the Gulf of Guinea coast and most of the Amazon and Congo Basin.
Tropical Climate
At 1000m, it occurs between latitudes 10 degrees north and 20 degrees south and latitudes 0 and 10 degrees. A tropical or subtropical or savannah climate is a transitional climate between the equatorial region and the desert. It rains with severe sunlight in the summer and dries up in winter.
Monsoon Climate
During the monsoon climate, the annual average rainfall is 2000 mm. Most of the annual precipitation falls on the hot summer months. Non-artificial vegetation becomes green in summer, sheds in winter.
Desert Climate (Hot and Dry Climate)
The desert climate is found in the tropical zones, Asian and North American countries and South America. This type of climate is determined by very little precipitation. The lack of humidity in the desert has caused the diurnal temperature differences to increase. Precipitation occurs mainly in the form of heavy rainfall.
Factors Affecting Climate Features
Latitude, Altitude, Topography, Continuous snow lines, distance to the sea are specifics of geography and climate. In addition to these factors, there are also impulses of climate change. These impulses are wind and ocean currents. Climate types are classified as hot, mild and cold climates. The climate type is evaluated by examining where it was seen, temperature and precipitation characteristics and vegetation.
What are the Climates?
Hot, mild and cold climates seen in the world are divided into sub-branches within themselves. With this distinction; they are regional precipitation patterns, winter temperatures, annual average temperatures and native vegetation. In this context, the climate is hot; it is divided into equatorial, tropical, monsoon and desert climates. The equatorial climate is seen between 10 north and 10 south latitudes. This climate is found in the river basins of the Amazon, Congo, Indonesia and Malaysia. The precipitation mode is regular and convective. Tropical climate is seen at 10-30 north and south latitudes. The average temperature here is 20 degrees, with rainy summers and dry winters.
The mild climates are the Mediterranean oceanic, continental and savannah climates. The active zone of the Mediterranean climate is generally the Mediterranean coasts. The vegetation of this climate is called maquis. Westerly winds and warm water currents have the effect of creating an oceanic climate. Coniferous forests are the vegetation of the oceanic climate. Continental and savannah climates are generally seen inland away from water.